Apparatus for use in transmitting angular movement



Nov. 18, 1952 J. R. OLIVER 2,618,696

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT Filed Jan. 20, 1945 7 Sheets-Sheet l VIII [wen for John fl? O/fver J. R. OLIVER Nov. 18, 1952 APPARATUS FC )R USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT 7 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 20, 1945 Nov. 18, 1952 R OLIVER 2,618,696

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT Filed Jan. 20, 1945 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 i- 1 3 4L 5 :i ii 000000 E 000100 00000 L l v \I: Z/

. [nvenzor L John A? O/l'ver B /1/' Attorney Nov. 18, 1952 J. R. OLIVER 2,618,696

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT Filed Jan. 20, l 945 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 YII 1 129.5 266 29,8 288 O 6 225 5%? fiwentor Jo/zn Oliver Nov. 18, 1952 RLQLIVER 2,618,696

' APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT Filed Jan. 20, 1945 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 NOV. 18, 1952 J R LN 2,618,696 APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT Filed Jan 20, 1945 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 M5) J I" as? I 390 39% XE i -k A 211 fiwenfor I" John E Oliver n Patented N'ov. 18, 1952 APPARATUS FOR USE IN TRANSMITTING ANGULAR MOVEMENT John R. Oliver, Beverly, Mass., assignor to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Flemington, N. J a corporation of New Jersey Application January 20, 1945, Serial No. 573,799

3 Claims. 1

This invention relates to apparatus for use in transmitting angular movement and is herein illustrated in its application to a pelorus combined with an electrical system for the transmission of angular movement. Such a system is disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,612,117, granted December 28, 1926, on a application filed in the name of Hewlett et al. This patent discloses a system commonly known as the selsyn system and is characterized by transmitting and receiving devices each provided with a single phase or single circuit field winding and a polyphase or polycircuit armature winding, the armature windings being interconnected. Such a system is self-synchronous and may be employed to transmit angular movements, such as the movement of a sight mount or pelorus, from an observing station to an indicating instrument in a control room.

The invention is herein illustrated as embodied in an apparatus for use in submarines to obtain relative bearings, or more specifically to determine the angular relation between the lubber line of the submarine and the line of sight of the observer on a sighted object or target. The observing station is located on the deck of the submarine where the apparatus is exposed to the elements and consequently the parts which would be adversely affected by immersion in salt water must be suitably enclosed, and it is an object of the present invention to provide the necessary closures or housings for adapting the apparatus to use on the deck of the submarine.

With the above object in view the invention comprises apparatus which consists of a rotor which, in the illustrated'organization, provides a mounting for a sighting means for obtaining a relative bearing, said rotor having formed therein a closure in which a rotary dial is mounted. A hub extending from the rotor is mounted in bearings in a closure which contains an electric motor, said motor in the illustrated organization being an element of a selsyn system through which the dial is operated. The dial is provided with a stem extending through an opening in the hub and into the closure which mounts the motor and operating connections are provided from the motor to the stem. Both the rotor which mounts the dial and the rotor which mounts the motor are constructed to exclude water under pressure in order to protect said instrumentalities when the illustrated apparatus is mounted on the deck of a submarine.

In accordance with a further feature of the invention an electric generator, which in the illustrated organization forms an element of a selsyn system, is mounted in the closure in which the motor operates and is operated by the angular movement of the rotor through operating connections from the hub of the rotor to the generator.

These and other features of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation illustrating apparatus embodying the features of the present invention, with certain parts broken away and other parts shown in section;

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken in a plane common to the vertical axis of the pelorus illustrating the bearing transmitting mechanism and other parts associated therewith, certain parts being transposed from their actual positions for convenience of illustration;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the pelorus illustrating particularly the position of the permanently mounted sighting instrument relatively to the dial on which the observer reads the angular position Of the line of sight of the instrument;

Fig. 4 is a section on the line IVIV of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a front elevation partly in section in a plane common to the horizontal axis of the pelorus illustrating mechanism for locking the pelorus against movements in azimuth and in elevation;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation partly in section on the line VI-VI of Fig. 1 illustrating mechanism for locking the pelorus against rocking movements on its gimbal bearings;

Fig. 7 is a section on the line VII-VII of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is a section on the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged view illustrating the dial on which the observer reads the relative bearing, and certain associated parts;

Fig. 10 is a section on the line X-X of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of means for mounting a substitute sighting instrument;

Fig. 12 is a section on the line XII-XII of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a section on the line XIIIXIII of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 14 is an enlarged view similar to Fig. 9 showing an alternative dial construction.

In Fig. 1 there is illustrated apparatus embodying the features of the present invention, said apparatus being shown in elevation as seen from the observer's station on the deck of the submarine. The illustrated assembly is supported in a circular frame secured to a rigid portion of the superstructure of the submarine and so arranged that a sighting instrument, herein illustrated as a pair of binoculars 22, is arranged at approximately the eye level of the observer. Inasmuch as the deck installations in the central portion of the submarine make it impracticable to provide a single observation station from which the entire horizon may be viewed I prefer to provide two such stations located respectively fore and aft of the conning tower.

The frame 20 is in the form of a flanged ring arranged horizontally on the superstructure of the submarine and having upward, extensions 24 at opposite sides thereof which provide bearings for a gimbal mechanism in which the illustrated apparatus is suspended. The gimbal mechanism comprises a ring 28 having outwardly projecting trunnion pins 29 journaled in bearings in the upperportion of the standard. The gimbal ring 23 provides a mounting for a housing 32, said housing having outwardly and upwardly extending arms 34 pivotally mounted on suitable bolts 36 projecting outwardly from the gimbal ring 28 at points angularly spaced 90 from the bearings of the gimbal ring in the standard. The housing 32 provides a watertight closure for two synchronous generators which are actuated by movements of the binocular mount in azimuth. For actuating said generators the binocular mount or pelorus has a downwardly extending hub, hereinafter' more fully described, said hub being so geared to said generators that one of the generators rotates on a 1:1 ratio with the binocular mount while the other rotates on a 36:1 ratio. The two synchronous generators are electrically connected to two synchronous motors located in the controlroom of the submarine and arranged to operate two dials which record the angular position of the line of sight of the binoculars relatively to the longitudinal center line or lubber line of the submarine. The 1:1 dial records the binocular bearing in degrees while the 36:1 dial is graduated to read in minutes. The synchronous generator and motor system above briefly described is of a type commonly employed in selsy'n systems for transmitting angular motion and is therefore not described in detail herein. A detailed description of such a system will be found in the Hewlett et al. patent hereinbefore referred to.

In addition to the pelorus and the selsyn systern above described for transmitting to the control room the angular movement of the pelorus, means is provided in thebase of the pelorus within the range of vision of the observer for obtaining a compass bearing. While any suitable means may be provided for this purpose I prefer to employ means operated by a gyrocompass located below decks. The angular movements of the gyrocompass are transmitted to the indicating means in the pelorus by means of a fselsyn system substantially the same as that briefly described above. This system comprises two synchronous generators actuated by the gyrocompass and electrically connected to two synchronous motors contained within the housing 32 and suitably geared to dials mounted in the.

pelorus. As in the selsyn system above described the synchronous generators operated by the gyrocompass are geared to rotate on 1:1 and 36:1 ratios, respectively. The weight of the two synchronous "generators and the two synchronous motors enclosed in the housing 32 is such that the center of gravity of the assembly suspended by the gimbals is well below the trunnion pins 30, thus maintaining the arrangement of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1 with the binoculars 22 located above the trunnion pins. The illustrated gimbal mechanism not only performs the usual function of permitting freedom of movement of the suspended apparatus about two horizontal axes arranged at right angles to each other but also serves in conjunction with the standard 20 to hold the housing 32 and the parts secured therein against movement about an axis extending heightwise of the housing. Thus it will be seen that the synchronous motors and generators contained within the housing are held against rotary movement about the axis of the pelorus and consequently receive their actuation solely from the angular movement of the pelorus.

Referring to Fig. 2, the illustrated housing 32 is provided with a head 38 secured to an outwardly extending flange 40 of the housing by screws 42, the joint between the head and the housing being sealed against water under pressure by a cylindrical gasket 44 positioned in a groove in the housing, a cylindrical opening being provided in the central portion of the head 38 for the hub 66 of the pelorus. A cylindrical member 48 providing a bearing for the hub 46 is secured to the head 38. A gasket 50 mounted in a rabbet in the upper portion of the bearing.

member 43 seals the joint between said bearing member and the head and a ring 52 mounted in a groove in the cylindrical surface of the bearing member 48 presses against the hub 46 of the pelorus and resists the passage of water under pressure through the bearing .into the interior of the housing. The ring and the gasket above referred to are made of a resilient substance and are in each case of a diameter substantially greater than the depth of the recesses in which they are contained and, therefore, exert a continuing pressure against the surfaces upon which water might seep through into the interior of the housing. For periodic checking to determine whether water has seeped into the housing, a suitableopening is provided in the cylindrical wall of the housing near its base and a screw plug 54 is provided for closing said opening. For assisting the ring 52 in resisting the passage of water through the bearing member 48 a sealing ring 56 is mounted on the hub 46 above the member 48,,filling the space provided therefor between the cylindrical opening in the head 38 and the hub. Said sealing ring is characterized by a relatively thin inner. portion frusto-conical in shapeandgroovednear its upper edge to receive an endless tension spring 5'! which presses its upper margin against a .portion of the hub of slightly increased diameter. The ring 56 is supported by a complementally shaped ring 58 which restson the, member 48. .In order to providesomeprotection for the spring 51 against corrosion the space above the ring 56 is filled with grease which is forced into said space through a bore BO extending from the outer edge face of the head.3.8. A similar bore (not shown) extending from the grease cavity to the opposite side of head '38 serves as a vent during introduction of grease in said cavity and also permits the expulsion of grease in the cavity by the operation of a grease gun. The outer portion of the bore 60 is counterbored to receive a plug for sealing the bore against water under pressure and the opposite bore is sealed in the same manner. In order to provide a base for the pelorus the hub 46 has formed therein a wide flange 62 extending cut wardly to the extreme limits of the pelorus. For resisting the passage of foreign matter'into the grease filled cavity abovereferred to an annular flanged plate 64 is secured to the bottom surface of the base 62 with its downwardly extending flange positioned within a circular groove in the head 38.

The two synchronous motors and thetwo synchronous generators enclosed by the housing; 32 are illustrated in Fig. 13 in which the numerals 66 and 68 identify the two motors, respectively, which actuate the compass dials in the pelorus, thefnumeral 66 indicating the motor in the 1:1 selsyn system and the numeral 68 indicating the motor in the 36:1 system. The numerals I0 and I2 indicate the two generators, respectively, which transmit the angular movement of the pelorus to the control room, the numeral I0 indicating the generator in the 1:1 system and the numeral I2 indicating the generator in the. 36:1 system. The motors 66 and 68 and the generators I0 and I2 are rigidly secured to a frame or spider 14 divided into quadrants each of which is provided with a recess complemental in shape to said motors and generators which are rigidly secured in said recesses by metallic straps I6 having outwardly flanged ends which are secured to the extremities of the legs of the spider byscrews I8. Referring again to Fig. 2, the upper portion of the spider 14 is in the form of an annular portion 80 through which extend a plurality of headed screws, one of which is shown at 82, for securing the spider to the head 38 of the housing. For centering the spider in the housing the annular portion 80 has an upwardly extending flange 84 which is seated in a complementally shaped recess or rabbet in the head 38; Secured to the base of the spider I4 by means of headed screws 86 is a plate 88 which provides abearing for the lower portion of the hub 46 of the pelorus and provides also a mounting for washers 89 which support the weight of the pelorus.

Themotor 66 causes the rotation of a compass dial 90 (Figs. 2 and 4) enclosed in the base of the pelorus, and the motor 68 causes the rotation of :an annular dial 92 mounted in, concentric relation to the dial 90. It will be seen that the dial 90 is discoidal in shape and is marked to indicate the points of the compass and'also has inscribed on its margin numerals indicating degrees of angulation from a zero position coinciding with a pointer on the dial indicating north. Thecourse of the submarine is indicated by a pointer 94 fixed on the lubber line of the submarine. The annular dial 02 is marked similarly to the margin of the dial 90 to indicate the degrees of angulation from the zero or north position. The annular dial is read with reference to the numerals on the dial 90. In generalthe two dials turn at the same rate of speed, the center dial 90 operated by the motor 66 in the 1:1 system providing a coarse reading of the compass :bearing while the annular dial 92 operated by the motor 68 in the 36:1 system provides a fine reading of the compass hearing which corrects any slight inaccuracies caused by lag or overthrowin the 1:1 system. Referring again to Fig. 2 the dial 90-is secured to the upper end of a stem 96 positioned concentrically in the hub 46 of the pelorus. Secured to the lower end of the stem 96 is a spur gear 98 which meshes with a similar gear I00 fixed to the-shaft of the motor 65. The annularzcompass dial 92 is secured'to the upturned end portions of the legs of aspider I02 secured to the head I04 of a sleeve I06 surrounding the stem 96. The sleeve I06 is rotated by the motor 68 of the 36:1 system through suitable reduction gearing-comprising a small gear I08 on the motor shaft arranged to mesh with alarge intermediate gear IIO which is formedv integrally with a small gear 2 arranged to mesh with a large gear II4 flxedto the-lower portion of the sleeve I06.

The angular movement in azimuth of the binoculars istransmitted to the control room of the submarine by the two .selsyn systems .in-,- cluding, respectively, the generators I0 and I2. Referring to Fig. 2 there is mounted on the hub 46 of the pelorus a unit comprising two spur gears I26 and I28 mounted on a common hub, said unit being clamped against a shoulder formed in :the hub 46 by a clamping nut I 30 which bears against an annular plate or key I32 having an upturned tab I34 inserted into a groove in the hubof the gear unit and downturned tabs seated in notches in the nut I30. The small gear I26 meshes with a gear I36 of the same size fixed to the shaft I88 of the generator 70 (not shown in Fig. 2). The large gear I28 actuates the generator 12 (not shown in Fig. 2) of the 36:1 system. Said gear I28 meshes with a small intermediate gear I40 which has integrally formed therewith a large gear I42 which meshes with a small gear I 44 fixed to the shaft I46 of the generator I2.

To enable the observer to determine the angle of the line of sight of the binoculars relatively to the lubber line of the submarine a cylindrical dial I48 is secured to the upwardly extending flange or rim I50 of a fixed spider |52 having a round central opening which provides for the mounting of said member on the head [54 of a sleeve I56 surrounding the sleeve I06. The dial I48 (Fig. 9) has punched out numerals indicating in units of ten degrees the measure of angular movement of the pelorus. The dial is so oriented that the zero coincides with the lubber line of the submarine, the dial being secured in said position by locking means at the lower extremity of the sleeve I56 (Fig. 2) comprising a pin I58 extending through a downwardly projecting hub I60 of the plate 88 fixed to the :base of the spider I4 and into a bore in the lower extremity of said sleeve' I56. The dial I48 (Fig. 9) has punched out lines of perforations uniformly spaced about the dial, the distance between any two adjacent perforations measuring one degree of angular movement of the pelorus. To facilitate the reading of the dial said perforations are arranged in alternately descending and ascending lines, the top perforation in each ascending line being identified by a punched out numeral and the bottom perforation in each descending line indicating the flve degree point between adjacent numerals.

In Fig. 14 there is illustrated an alternative cylindrical dial I 49 characterized by a modification of the arrangement of the perforations for measuring in units of one degree the relative angular position of the pelorus. In the dial I49 the perforations are arranged in groups of six perforations each positioned alternately above and below the punched out numerals. In each case the group of perforations forms a straight line parallel to the edges of the dial plate. In each upper line the perforation at the left end of the line is identified by a punched outnumeral and the perforation at the right end of the line indicates the five degree point between adjacent numerals. Conversely, in each lower line the perforation at the left end of the line indicates a cylindrical dial'such'as the dial I48.

7 thefive degree point while the pe'rforationat the right end of the line is identified by a punched out numeral. It will be seen that this arrangement of the numerals and perforations'serves'to facilitate a .quick and-accurate reading of the dial.

Referring nowto Fig; 9, the relativeangle of the line of sight ofthe binoculars is indicated on the dial I48 by an indicator or .pointer'fixed to the pelorus and located within and adjacent to the dial. In order'that' readings ma'ybe'taken, either by day'or by night, the illustrated indicator includesa self luminous, pointerwhich has the'appearanceof an illuminated vertical line by night and appears as a white line b'y'day. To providea contrasting background to facilitate readings in daylight the dial is ma'debla'ck. To makethe punched'out numerals and measurement holes visible by' night a self luminous element associated'with the pointer is 1 positioned outside of and adjacent to the dial. 'Referring to Figs. 9 and 10, the illustrated'indicatingassembly comprises a plate I62 positioned outside of and parallel to the dial I48 and substantially adjacent thereto. The plate is made of a transparent substance and has av generally rectangular recess I64 opening away from the dial I48,-said"recess being filled with a suitable luminoussubstan'ce such, for example; as a mineral salt activated by a small percentage of radium, said luminous substance being retained within the "recess by a cover plate I66 adhesively sealed to the'plate I62. The'plate- I62 issecured to an angle'plate I94 fixed to the pelorus. The plate I62 has'a central arm I16 which, as shown in'Fig. 10, extends in an arm over the upper edge of the dial I48" and then downwardly in a straight line approximately halfway to'the baseofthe dial. A vertical socket I18 of 'small diameter is' formed in the straight'portion of the arm I16 and'fille'd with a luminous substance, preferably of considerably higher'luminosity than the substance in the recess I64, said substance providing a relatively thin vertical line which serves as a pointer. ing unit is so positioned on the pelorus that the luminous pointer lies in a vertical plane common to the line of sight of the binoculars and therefore serves to point out on the dial I48 the angular positionof said line of sight'relatively to the lubber line of the submarine. Under certain circumstances it is more convenient to read the relative angle of 'the line of sight of the binoculars from a flat horizontal dial rather than from Accordingly, the pelorus is provided with analternative dial in the form of an annular plate or ring I80 (Figs. 4 and theupper surface of-which is marked to indicate degrees of angulatlon. The dial I80 is mounted in a recess or rabbet in the flange I50 of the spider I52 and is held against upward movement by an annular flange I82 projecting inwardly from the cylindrical dial I48.

A pointer forindicating on the dial I80 therelative angular position of the binoculars -is incorporated in the curved arm I16 (Fig. 10) and identified by the numeral I84.

For illuminating the dial I80 and also-the two compass dials 90 and 92 a plurality of electrically illuminated lamps are mountedin the space immediately below the spider I52, one 'of' said lamps being indicated jby'the numeral I86 inFig. 2. Said lampis mounted in a bracket having a reduced extension I88 which is seated in a recess in an upwardextension I90'of'the hub of'the It will be understood that' the indicatpelorusvandsecured therein by'a headed screw I92 extending through an opening in the extension I88 of the lamp'bracket. The lamps are uniformly spaced about the hub of the pelorus so as toprovidesubstantially uniform illumination for the dials. The light from the lamps shines upwardly betwee'nthe legs of the dial supporting spiders and through the dials themselves which are made of a translucent material. Suitable shields are provided for preventing the passage of light from said lamps except through the-dials themselves as above'descr'ibed. Said shields comprise a'circular angle plate I94 secured to the pelorus and a circular channel plate I96 secured-to the ring I and arranged to receive" the downwardly extending portion 'of the platel94. "A rheostat (not shown) is provided for-varying the candlepower of the lamps I86 so that only the minimum requirement of light passes upwardly 'through'the dials. 'Means is also provided for extinguishing said lamps when it 'is necessary topr'ovide total darkness on the deck of the submarine, as when enemy aircraft are operating in the vicinity of the submarine.

The various dials and other parts in their immediate vicinity, including the lamps I86, are contained within'a watertight closure in the base of the pelorus, said closure comprising the base plate 62 extending outwardly from the hub 46 of the pelorus, a cylindrical member I98'providing'the peripheral'wall of the-closure and a thickglass window 200'discoidal in shape providing the top of said closure. The cylindrical member I98 is secured to the plate 64 by headed screws 202 extending througha flange 204 projecting outwardly from said cylindrical member, 'a resilient cylindrical gasket 206 being inteposed between the flange 204 an'd'plate 64 and mounted in acircular groove in the plate "64' substantially less in depth than the diameter of the gasket. The win'dow 200 is'mounted on a relatively thick resilientgasket 208' seated in and projecting upwardly from a'circular groove in an inward" extension 2I0 of the cylindrical'member' I98. The window 200 is clampedagainst thegasket 266 under substantial'pressureby a circular member or bezel ring 2 I2 secured by bolts'2 I4 to 'anoutwardly extending flange 2I6 of the cylindrical member I98, a suitable gasket222 being interposed between an inwardly extending flange224 of the bezel ring and the'margin of thet'o'psurface of the window. In order toprevent condensation of moisture on the inner or bottom surface of the'window 200 due to differences in temperature in and out of'the enclosure'in -the base of the pelorus, a relatively thin transparent plate 2I8 is mounted in a recess orra bbet in the inward extension 2I0 of the cylindrical member I98 and spaced slightly from thebottom surface of-the window 200 by-a resilient-circular channel member 220 mounted on the margin of said transparent member. It will be understood that theprovision of the window 200 in-the pelorus enables the'observer to read the dials mounted within the enclosure. I

-Referring to Figs. 1-and3 the binoculars vi2 are suspendedfrom a crosshe-ad or hanger 226 having downturnedend portions-221 which are pivotally mounted on headed pins-228 projecting outwardly from two brackets or standards 230 projecting upwardly from the bezel ring 2I2. The binoculars are mounted on the enlarged central portion 23I of the hanger226 by a hinge pin 232, the binoculars being held against movement in the direction of the line of sight by so arranging them that the central portion 231 of the hanger is fitted into the space between the forward and rearward hinges of the binoculars. The right barrel of the binoculars is rigidly clamped to the hanger 226 by a flexible band 234 one end of which is anchored to a pin 236 mounted in the central portion 23l of the hanger and the other end of which is anchored to the head of a bolt 238 extending upwardly through the hanger, a nut 240 being provided On the exposed end portion of the bolt 238 to permit the flexible band 234 to be drawn tightly about the right barrel of the binoculars. The band 234 clamps said right barrel against a downward extension 242 of the hanger and so locates the binoculars that their eye pieces are positioned at substantially the same elevation. To provide for interpupillary adjustment of the eye pieces the left barrel of the binoculars is mounted to swing on the hinge pin 232 and a right and left thread- ,reticle, which is not shown in the drawings, is a vertical line on a transparent plate mounted between the lenses of the binocular. In order to illuminate the recticle to enable the observer to make use of it in total darkness, an electrically illuminated lamp is mounted in a suitable fixture 250, hinged on a bracket 252 projecting upwardly with an outward inclination from the rigidly mounted binocular barrel. A suitable glass plate mounted in the binocular barrel permits the passage of light from said lamp into the interior of the barrel.

mounted on the fixture 250, and a thumb lever The lamp is controlled by a switch 254 is conveniently arranged for operating said switch. A current of electricity is conducted to thelamp from within the submarine through conducting means hereinafter described.

Referring to Fig. 3, the standards 230 are arranged to incline toward the observer in order to position the eye pieces of the binoculars, so

that the observer, without any appreciable bodily movement of his head, may direct his line of vision either through the binoculars or toward the cylindrical dial I48. The facility thus afforded for alternately observing the target and t reading-the angular bearing of the line of sight of the binoculars is of great importance, when the submarine is operating within the firing range of the target, since under such circumstances the observer must act with the utmost speed to take successive bearings of the target and compute therefrom the correct position of the submarine for firing, so that the submarine will be on the surface, exposed to enemy fire, only a minimum period of time. In Fig. 3, the broken lines indicate the line of vision of the observer through the binoculars and in the direction of the cylindrical dial I48. It will be seen that, when the observers head is in the position indicated in Fig. 3, the eye piece of the binoculars does not obstruct his view of the dial I48, and the main portions of the binocular barrels, being offset outwardly from the eye pieces (Fig. 1), do not present any additional obstruction to his view of said dial. In order to counterbalance the weight of the binoculars and the mechanism associated therewith, two arms, one of which is partially shown in Fig. 3 and identified by the numeral 210, project upwardly and rcarwardly from the bezel ring 2l2,'and carry at their outer ends a counterweight (not shown) which prevents the binocular mount from swinging the suspended assembly into an cut-of-plumb position.

Before the observer goes below, he is required to take the necessary steps to lock the binoculars against movement relatively to the standards 230, and to lock the pelorus against movement on its vertical axis and also against rocking movement on its gimbal bearings. To this end, the illustrated pelorus is provided with looking devices, so constructed and arranged that a simple direct movement of each hand effects the locking of the movable parts, with no appreciable expenditure of time. Referring to Figs. 1, 5 and 7, the illustrated mechanism for locking the binoculars against movement in elevation comprises a detent 212 (Fig. '1), arrangedfor locking engagement in any one of a plurality of curved notches 214 in a plate 218 secured to the standard 238. The detent is incorporated in the horizontal portion of an angular arm 218 (Fig. 5) mounted in a recess or channel 2st in a left-hand grip 282 incorporated in the hanger 226 and pivoted at its elbow on a pin 283 in said grip. The angular arm 218 is so constructed and arranged that itsupwardly extending portion is divergently positioned relatively to the hand grip 282 when the detent 212 is in its locking position illustrated in Fig. 5, and is yieldingly held in that position by a spring pressed plunger 284. To release the detent 212 to free the binoculars for movement in elevation, the observer merely closes his left hand upon the hand grip 282 and the arm 218 to bring said arm into its position shown in Fig. 1. In order to prevent a continuing pressure of the-arm 218 against the hand of the observer by the pressure of the plunger 284, a latch 286 is pivotally mounted in the upper portion of the hand grip 282 and arranged to engage the reduced upper end portion 288 of the arm 218. In taking'the necessary steps for the locking of the binocular mount, the observer need not bring the binoculars into a horizontal position, since the provision in the plate 216 of a plurality of notches 214 (Fig. '1) for the detent 212 ensures the locking of the binoculars against movement in elevation, whatever its position in elevation may be when'the latch 236 is released. In order to limit the movement of the binoculars in elevation to the range afforded by the extent of the series of notches 214, a spring pressed stop pin 290 is mounted in a suitable counterbo're in the hanger 226 and seated in a notch 292 in the upper end portion of the standard 230, the end walls of said notch serving as abutments to limit the swinging movement of the hanger on the pin 228. When sighting nearby objects, it is often desirable to use the sight vanes 294 and 286, illustrated in Fig. 3, instead of the binoculars, and under such circumstances it may be desirable to swing the'binoculars into a remote position. To this end the stop pin 298 is preferably retractable to permit movement of the binocular mount beyond the range afforded by the notch 292. As illustrated in Fig. 7, the stop pin is a headed spring pressed member, theupper portion of which is extended to provide a mounting for a knob 298, whereby the pin may be retracted suificiently to enable the binocular mount to be v moved beyond its normal range of adjustment in: elevation and into a position in which saidpin entersa socket 330 in the standard 1 230 to hold the'binocular mount in its remote I position. Referring to Fig.5, the pelorus-is-locked -against angular movementabout its vertical axis r by a spring-pressed pin or plunger 302 mounted 1 inholes provided in theoutwardly flanged por- ;tions of the bezel ring M2 and the'cylindrical portion I98 of the base of the pelorus and arranged to be seated in a socket 303 provided in the outwardly flanged portion of the head 38 of the housing; A- spring 304, surrounding the plunger 302 and acting against the upper flange of the cylindrical member I98, presses against a -collar 3.06 on the plunger 302 yieldingly holding the plunger in its socket. retracted bythe operation of theangular arm 218,-which, in this instance, serves as a bell .crank'lever to operate a rocker arm 308 pivotally -mounted on a headed pin 3H). projecting forwardly from the standard 230, said rocker arm having a pin and. slot .connection to the. upper The plunger 362 is end portion of'said plunger. In order that the arm 218 may engage and'actuate the rocker arm 308 in anyposition of the binocular mount within its normal range of movement, the arm 218 is provided with arcuate extensions3 l2 (Fig. 7) for engagement with said rocker arm. When the 1 pelorus is being operated with the binoculars in their remote position determined by the engagement of the stop pin 200 in its socket 300, the

arcuate extensions 3I2 of the arm 218'are out of registration withthe rocker arm308, andtherefore are inefiective to hold the plunger 302 out of locking-position. In order that the plunger may wbe held retracted when the binoculars are in 1 said remote position; an auxiliary. retaining means is provided in the form of a sleeve 3M 1. (Fig. .5).- In its upper portion the sleeve SM is -,provided with two pairs of notches 3V5 and 313, the notches of each pair being-oppositely'positioned in-the upperportion of-said' sleeve.

The plunger 302 is provided with a crosspin 320, which isseated in the notches 316 when the sleeve is turned to bring said-notchesinto registration with the crosspin, the engagement of said crosspin in the notches serving to retain the plunger 302 in'retracted position. When the sleeve is in .its position illustrated in Fig. 5, the crosspin 320 registers with the notches 3l8ywhich merely pro- I vide clearance for the movement of the crosspin -,-during'the locking movement of the plunger. For turningthe sleeve a handle 32! (Fig. 1) projects radially therefrom.

:Forlocking the entire movable assembly comprising the housing 32 and the pelorus; against rocking movement onthe gimbal bearings 30 and 36 (Fig. 1) alocking pin or plunger 322 (Figs. -1. and 6)- is mounted in a bracket 324 projecting inwardly and upwardly from the standard 24 and arranged to enter any one of a plurality of sockets 330 in a bracket 326 secured to the upper portion of the housing 32.

The forward surface of said bracket 326 is convex inshape, the contour, of said surface being such that the distance from the bracket 324 to the bracket 320 is constant in any and all positions of the housing 32.

,In' order that the plunger 322 may quickly come into registration with one of the sockets 330 during the normal rocking movements of the assembly in the course of the submerging of the submarine, a system of intersecting grooves 321 and 328 is provided in the convex surface of the bracket'326, the

groove 32! being in the shape of an arc struck 1from the: center of the trunnion,- 30 :and, the grooves 328, as seen in front-elevation inqFig. 1,

radiating downwardly from said center. i The plunger 322 is bored to receive a spring 332 which urges the plunger into locking-position. In releasing the plunger forlocking movement: the

' observer cannot take time to bring the plunger into registrationwith any particular -socket or groove in the bracket" 326. Consequently a the plunger ispermitted to contact where it"will on the convex surface ofthe-bracket 326 without any prearrangement of the movable assembly by the observer. Ordinarily the plunger will contactthe bracketat a high point between the grooves and in the course of the subsequent rocking movements ofthe assembly =theaplunger will first enter one of said grooves thereby-limiting the assembly to rocking movement about only one gimbal axis and in an-instant thereafter .further rocking movement.

the plunger will enter one; of the sockets- 330 thereby rigidly locking the 'assembly against -For"- holding the "plunger in aretracted or inoperative-position when the binoculars are in use a cross-pin 334 is mounted therein. When the plunger ,is in lockingpositiomas shown in-Fig. 6,'the"c1.oss pin '334is positioned in opposite slots 336- in, the

bracket 324 extending longitudinally 'ofthe plunger. When the plunger'is in its retracted or inoperative position, the cross pin-334 is 'mounted in slots 338 communicating with and projecting at rightangles fromwthe slots 33%.

- To release theplunger for locking action, 7 the observer need only strike oneend of the rcross pin with his hand to'dislodge it from the slots 338. j To'limit' the swinging movement of' the assemblyon-the trunnion 'pins- 30 in order to prevent the bracket 326 frombeing carried into a position in' which it is out of registration with the plunger 322, two stopmembers or abutments 340-'(Fig. 1) are arranged to engage stop: surfaces provided in. the standard 24. To .limit 1 swinging movement of theassembly on the bolts 36 two stop members project outwardly from rigidly against any movement byv the-force of the sea while the submarine is submerged, this being accomplished preferably by a directupward movement of the left hand against the outwardly extending tail portion 344 of thelatch member 7 286 and a simultaneous downward movement of the right hand against the outwardly projecting I right end portion of thecrosspin 334'; to enable the spring 332 (Fig. 6) to force the'plunger 322 into locking position.

In order to enable the observer to: signal: the

control room as required as,;for example: when .the line of sight of the binocularshas-been brought to bear on the'target, therei's provided in the illustrated organization a signal transmitting means including mechanism which is the subject of United States Letters Patent 'No; 2,549,986, granted April 24, '1'951,'.on1 an application filed' in my name, which application was a division of the present application. The

illustrated signal transmitting mechanism comprises means for operating a micro-switch 348 T '13 (Fig. 2) enclosed in the base of the pelorus. Referring to Figs. 1 and 8, the illustrated mechanism for operating the micro-switch comprises a plunger 356 mounted for vertical movement in the handle 346 and yieldingly held atthe limit of its upward movements by a spring 352 surrounding the plunger and confined between the head 354 of the plunger and the base of a counterbore in the handle. Downward movement of plunger 356 by pressure of the thumb of the observer on the head of the plunger rocks a lever 356 pivoted on the standard 236 in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 1. In order that the plunger 356 may operate the lever 356 in any position of the hanger 226, within its normal range of rotary movement, afiorded by the extent of the notch 292 (Fig. 7) in the left standard 236, the plunger has secured to its reduced lower end portion an arcuate shoe 368 arranged to engage the outer end portion of the d lever 356, said shoe being so arranged that the center of its arc coincides with the axis of rotation of the hanger when the plunger is in its position illustrated in Fig. 1. For securing the arcuate member 358 to the plunger said member has an outwardly extending lug 366 which is bored to receive the reduced lower end portion of the plunger, said lug being clamped to a shoulder in the plunger by a nut 3-6l. The lever 356 is connected to a switch operating lever 362 (Fig. 2) by a link 364 pivotally connected to the inner end portion of the lever 356 and bored at its lower end portion to receive the outwardly projecting portion of the lever 362.

the bore in the link being large enough to permit the required operating movement of the lever. The lever 362 is secured in a mounting constructed and arranged to permit rocking move ment of the lever sufficient to operate the microswitch 348 while excludingwater under pressure from the closure in the base of the pelorus. As illustrated in Fig. 2 the lever 362'is mounted in a central opening in a resilient rubber ring 368 andis securely bonded thereto to prevent the seepage of water along the joint between the lever and the ring. The irusto-conical peripheral surface ofthe ring 368 is bonded to the complementally shaped inner wall of a hol- P low screw plug 316 which is threaded into a suitable opening in the cylindrical base member I98 of the pelorus. ring 368 bears against an annular abutment plate 312 fixed in the hollow plug 316, said plate serving to take the force of the sea water pressure against the ring when the submarine is submerged. In order to increase the flexibility of the ring 368 it is cut away as indicated at 314 in Fig. 2 in order to reduce to a minimum thickness the inner body portion of the ring while providing a maximum bonding surface of the ring on the lever 362 and the plug 316. In order to prevent accidental operation of the micro-switch by the action of the sea on the exposed mechanism for operating the lever 362 said lever is provided with a peripheral flange 316 and the rubber ring 368 is cut away in the region of said flange so that when the pressure of the sea acts on the exposed end face of the lever 362 there will be a metal to metal contact of the flange with the abutment plate. When the submarine is submerged the pressure of the sea .water against the end face of the lever 362 causes the flange 316 embedded in said ring tov ,14 act against the abutment plate to retain "the lever 362 in its horizontal position with the inner end of said lever out of contact with the microswitch. When the submarine is on the surface the flange 316 is sufilciently separated from the abutment plate 312 by the intervening flange of the ring 368 to permit free movement of the lever 362 within the range required for operation of the micro-switch.

For mounting a pair of hand binoculars, such for example as the binoculars 318, illustrated in Fig. 3, a suitable clamping means is mounted on the hangerv 226 and arranged to project upwardly therefrom. Referring to Figs. 11 and 12, the illustrated clamping means comprises a pair of fixed jaws 386 formed in parallel arms 382 I projecting upwardly from a plate 383 secured to The upward movement of the link 364 by the operation of the plunger 356 is imparted to the lever 362,

The inner end face of the V the hanger, the gripping surfaces. of said jaws being arcuate in shape to receive the hinge pin of the binoculars. A single movable jaw 384 is pivotally mounted between the fixed jaws 386 and has a downwardly extending arm 386 which is bifurcated at its lower ends to receive an'ec centric 388 projecting from a hub 396 journaled in the base of the forward upright 382. A hub 392 projecting rearwardly from the eccentric is journaled in the base of the rear upright 382. For operating the eccentric in order to open and close the movable jaw 384 a crank 394 is seated in a groove in an enlarged forward portion 39I of the hub 396 and secured therein by a headed screw 396. The eccentric is so constructed and arranged that it comes into a dead center position as the jaws close on the hinge pin of the binoculars and is held in that position by-friction until the crank is operated to open the jaws. The jaws are so arranged that the line of sight of the hand binoculars when mounted in said jaws lies in a vertical plane common to the line of sight of the fixed binoculars. I H

Suitable electrical connections are provided between the deck assembly and the interior of the submarine, said connections being shown in- Fig. 1 as two cables M6 and M8 sealed in suitable 1 openings in the head 38 to prevent the seep e of water into the housing. Referring to Fig. 13, wires for conducting electricity from the generators 16 and 12 are connected to terminal blocks 466 in the base of each generator casing and of wires for conducting electricity to the, electric elements in the pelorus are secured by binding screws 426 to terminal blocks 462 mounted at opposite sides of the spider 14. Wired to said terminal blocks are brushes 464 mounted in suitable fixtures 466 secured by screws 422 to the spider, said brushes bearing against collector rings, one of which is indicated by the numeral 468, separated from each other by insulating rings, said rings being secured to each other and to a collar 416 fixed to the hub 46 of the pelorus by a plurality of long bolts one of which is indicated by the numeral 4|2.

In the use of the illustrated apparatus the binoculars 22 are employed for sighting distant targets and the sight vanes 294 and 296 are employed for sighting targets within the observers range of vision. The binoculars and the sight vanes are also used in conjunction with the compass dials in the pelorus for purposes of navigation. In sighting distant targets or objects the small binoculars 318 are first employed the ismall binoculars "'mounted in the grippers provided thereforand used in'place of thelarg'ebinoculars.

-i to find the-target and after-they have :been brought to-bear on the target the large'binoculars are swung into position. Whenthesubmarine is beyond the range of enemy fire and sufficient time may be taken for a complete computation of the position of the submarine for firing,the computation is made in the control room from the data transmitted through the .selsyn': system operated by angular movementof'the pelorus. When operating'within the range of ienem'y fire the observer himself makes the necessary computation, employing the dial'MB and the -luminous indicator to obtain the target bearing; 1 After the observer has completed his computation: h gives firing directions to th control room, or alter- I natively to'the torpedo room, through a voice tube communicating with the observers station on the deck of thesubmarine.

' In the event that the large binoculars 22 are damaged by enemy fire so that theyare unusable, 318 are permanently It will be understood that the utilit of the I illustrated apparatus is not limitedto the above described use on'the deck of a submarine'the apparatus being useful on all types 'of shipsboth as a target bearing transmitting means" and as an aid to navigation.

. Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new'and desire to secureby'Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. Apparatus comprising a rotor, a first closure embodied in said rotor and constructed to ex- 1 elude water under pressure, a hub extending from said rotor, a second closure constructed to exclude water under pressure, bearings in said "second closure for mounting said hub said hub having an opening providing a communication 2. Apparatus comprising a rotor, a first closure 1 embodied in said rotor and constructed to exclude water under pressure, a hub extending from said 1 rotor,- a second closure constructed to exclude -water under pressure, bearings in said second closure for mounting said hub; said hub having an opening providing a communication-from the interior of the first closure to the interior of the second closure'a rotary dial mounted in the first closure, astem fixed to said diaYand-extending through the opening in the hub andinto the second closure, an electric-generator mounted in said second closure, and operating connections for transmitting the rotation of the hub of the rotor to said generator.

3. Apparatuscomprisingarotor, a first closure 1 embodied in said rotor and constructed to'exclude water under pressure, a hub extending from said rotor, a second closure constructed to exclude water under pressure, bearings in said'se'cond clofrom the hub of the rotor to saidgenerator.

4 JOHN R. OLIVER.

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 151,856 Croudace June 9,1874 840,923 Early Jan. 8, 1907 918,133 Ellicott et a l. Apr. 13, 1909 943,751 Lewis 'Dec. 21, 1909 1,215,425 Sperry 'Feb;-13,- 1917 1,218,422 Lietz .."Mar. 6, 1917 1,240,525 Woodward Sept. 18, 1917 1,794,964 Knutson Mar. 3, 1931 1,850,640 Sperry et a1, Mar. 22, 1932 1,926,251 VonMa'yrhau'ser- Sept. 12,1933 1,987,680 1 Henderson Jan. 15,1935 2,050,808 Roosenstein Aug. 11, 1936 2,099,772 Seidelhuber 'Nov. 23, 1937 2,248,562 '-Andreatta et al. July 8, 1941 2,299,179 Rosenberger Oct.' 20,- 1942 2,365,649 ShaW 'De'c."19, 1'944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 1,024 Great Britain -'Jan. 14, 1911 594,563 France 1 June 27, 1-925 759,485 France "N0'v. 16,1933 

